Category: HF

Mitigating QRM (Interference) with an Antenna Phaser

Over on YouTube user London Shortwave has posted a video showing his antenna phasing system in action with a Funcube Dongle Pro+ and SDR# running on a tablet. An antenna phaser reduces unwanted noise by using two antennas and positioning one “noise” antenna so that it receives the unwanted noise strongly, and positioning the main antenna to receive the desired signal as best as possible. Then the signals are combined by a phaser unit in such as way that the unwanted noise is subtracted from the desired signal.

In his experiments London Shortwave discovered that an ethernet over Power adapter used by one of his neighbours was causing the shortwave spectrum to get completely obliterated by noise. His video shows the effect of turning his phaser unit on and off when trying to reduce this noise. London Shortwave has also done a very nice writeup on dealing with urban interference on shortwave, and includes a section that discusses antenna phasing.

The antenna phaser set up
The antenna phaser set up
QRM mitigation with antenna phasing

New Demo of the Upcoming Spyverter Upconverter

The Spyverter is a new high performance upconverter that is being developed by the team behind the Airspy software defined radio and the SDR# software. It is designed to be used together with the Airspy, but it should also be compatible with other SDRs as well. The main claimed advantages over other upconverters will be it’s low loss and high IIP3 performance, which means that the Spyverter will not saturate in the presence of strong signals as easily as other upconverters.

Recently W9RAN, who is involved in the design and testing of the Spyverter uploaded some demo videos of the Spyverter + Airspy combo in action. The first video shows how the Spyverter when used together with the Airspy and SDR# allows for seamless tuning between VLF, HF through to VHF/UHF (no need to set any offsets).

Seamless tuning of SDR# with AIrspy & Spyverter

The next video shows the Spyverter + Airspy combo working during a RTTY contest on 40M with very densely packed signals, some of which were very strong.

W9RAN demo of Spyverter in 40 meter RTTY contest

W9RAN (ranickel on YouTube) also has additional Spyverter + Airspy videos on YouTube for viewing if you are interested.

BA5SBA Direct Sampling Kit English Build Instructions

The BA5SBA direct sampling kit is a kitset PCB that combines with a standard (included) RTL-SDR dongle in order to enable the direct sampling mod. The direct sampling mod is a hardware modification that can be applied to any RTL-SDR dongle in order to enable HF reception capabilities. The BA5SBA kit improves upon some of the problems with the direct sampling mod by adding additional features such as a low pass filter to block broadcast FM interference, a matching transformer to better match the RTL2832U’s input impedance, extra power supply filtering, SMA connectors for HF and VHF/UHF (UV), an aluminium case and a bias tee.

The BA5SBA direct sampling RTL-SDR can be bought as a kit that requires hand assembly for about $30 USD or as a fully assembled product for about $50 USD. It is usually listed on Amazon and eBay as a “100KHz-1.7GHz full band UV HF RTL-SDR USB Tuner Receiver/ R820T+8232 Ham Radio”

Recently, RTL-SDR.com reader Simon (MW0SGD) bought one of these kits and discovered that the English instructions were very rare and hard to come by. We’ve decided to post these English instructions here for any future buyers who may search for them as this post should show up on Google. Simon also notes that “most of the instructions on the internet wind the inductors on a 5mm former. This says to use a 3mm one, which I did and it works ok.”

The English pdf instructions can be downloaded here.

The BA5SBA Direct Sampling RTL-SDR Kit
The BA5SBA Direct Sampling RTL-SDR Kit

Using a direct sampling enabled Airspy as a Panadapter for a Yaesu FTDX-5000

Tim Havens is an avid CW operator on the ham bands and primarily uses his Yaesu FTDX-5000 transceiver for this purpose. At the same time he also uses a software defined radio coupled with an upconverter as a panadapter by connecting the SDR to the 9 MHz IF output of the Yaesu.

However a problem Tim encountered was that the frequency drift of any SDR he tried was too large, even with a TCXO based software defined radio (like a modded RTL-SDR or the Airspy), and that it was a constant hassle to recalibrate. Furthermore, he noticed that the upconverters he used introduced their own drift which just added to the overall frequency drift.

To get around this Tim decided to use the Airspy in a special configuration. First he used the external clock input of the Airspy to connect to his Jackson Labs “Fury” GPSDO. This device uses GPS satellites to generate a very accurate 10 MHz clock, with almost zero drift. Secondly, to get around the need for an upconverter with it’s own frequency drift he used the ADC1 direct sampling input ports on the Airspy to connect to the 9MHz IF output of his FTDX-5000 through an extra band pass filter and LNA.

Tim writes that he will soon update his post with more images and a video.

Airspy with external GPS clock and ADC1 output connected.
Airspy with external GPS clock and ADC1 output connected.

Optimizing Reception of VLF frequencies on an RTL-SDR Dongle

Over on his web site, Martin (G8JNJ) has uploaded a new article discussing how to optimize reception of VLF (<10 kHz) signals on a direct sampling modified RTL-SDR. He writes that the main problem with the RTL-SDR receiving VLF frequencies is that there is significant overloading caused by broadcast stations operating on the LF and MF bands.

So in order to optimize VLF reception, Martin built an external frequency equalisation network which has the following components and functions:

  • 2MHz Low pass Filter – to minimise alias signals originating at 30MHz
  • 20dB Variable attenuator – to set the overall signal level fed into the dongle
  • Switched LF roll-off – to optimise the performance at frequencies around 10KHz in the presence of strong lightning surges
  • -10dB notch at 198KHz – to reduce level of BBC R4 broadcast station in the LF band
  • -10dB notch at 800KHz – to reduce level of local broadcast stations in the MF band

His screenshot results show that his filters work well and significantly reduce the effect of lightning pulse noise at 9 kHz. With the filters in place and properly optimized with the attenuator and various switches, he is able to receive Russian Alpha navigation signals at frequencies around 12 and 14 kHz and the 300 to 500 kHz aeronautical and maritime navigation bands.

G8JNJ's LF Band Equalizer Circuit
G8JNJ’s LF Band Equalizer Circuit

Measuring the input impedance of the RTL2832U direct sampling input pins

The direct sampling mod allows you to listen to the HF frequencies between 0 – 14 MHz on an RTL-SDR by simply connecting an antenna directly to the ADC pins on the RTL2832U chip. Until recently the impedance of these pins was unknown, but most people assumed that it was about 300 Ohms.

Now Martin (G8JNJ) has recently updated his webpage with some interesting results that he and another experimenter (Robert Symanek) obtained regarding the input imedpance. Robert found that using a Minicircuits T16-6T-KK81 transformer with 50 Ohms on the primary and 800 Ohms on the secondary gave a 16dB to 19dB higher signal than a simpler 200 Ohm transformer.

This inspired Martin to do a proper measurement of the input impedance. Martin’s measurements found that the differential input impedance of the RTL2832U is approximately 3,330 Ohms when the input is enabled, and this would require a 66:1 transformer. However, Martin writes that a wideband transformer like this probably does not exist, but that the T16-6T-KK81 with terminating resistors added is probably a good choice.

Martin's Direct Sampling + Diplexer Mod
Martin’s Direct Sampling + Diplexer Mod

Several PDF Files Related to RTL-SDR’s and HF/MW Reception

Recently RTL-SDR.com reader Dr. Phil wrote in to let us know about some PDF notes that he has created about the RTL-SDR dongle. There is some good information in his documents and the notes mainly focus on using the RTL-SDR with the direct sampling mod to receive HF.

His other documents also explain concepts such as imaging, interference and gain, how to reduce interference, input impedance of the Q sampling pads, intermediate frequency, and sample rate. In addition he has also uploaded some documents where he has calculated for various AM, FM and SW stations at what frequencies images will show up. His final document also discusses the Mirics SDR chipsets which are used in the SDRPlay.

He writes that any corrections are welcome. Dr. Phil’s main website can be found at http://home.comcast.net/~phils_radio_designs/.

Pocket HF SDR: http://home.comcast.net/%7Ephils_radio_designs/Pocket_SDR.pdf

Pocket HF SDR Cookbook: http://home.comcast.net/%7Ephils_radio_designs/SDR_Cookbook.pdf

RTL2832U: http://home.comcast.net/%7Ephils_radio_designs/RTL2832U.pdf

HF Direct Sampling: http://home.comcast.net/%7Ephils_radio_designs/Direct_Sample.pdf

AM Images: http://home.comcast.net/%7Ephils_radio_designs/AM_Images.pdf

FM Images: http://home.comcast.net/%7Ephils_radio_designs/FM_Images.pdf

SW Images: http://home.comcast.net/%7Ephils_radio_designs/SW_Images.pdf

Generic RTL: http://home.comcast.net/%7Ephils_radio_designs/GenericRTL.pdf

Mirics Chipset: http://home.comcast.net/%7Ephils_radio_designs/Mirics.pdf

A photo of the direct sampling mod with a wire antenna.
A photo of the direct sampling mod with a wire antenna.

 

Building a 520 kHz High Pass Filter for the RTL-SDR

Over on YouTube user kugellagers has uploaded a video showing how he designs and builds a 520 kHz high pass filter for his RTL-SDR dongle + upconverter. In the video he explains how to design the filter with the free Elsie software which is an electrical filter design and analysis program. He then shows how he builds and selects the filter inductors and capacitors and how he assembles the components on a PCB. Finally he demonstrates how his 520 kHz high pass filter is useful for filtering out atmospheric noise from lightning strikes.

Previously we posted about kugellagers’s other video in which he demonstrates his FM bandstop filter and 1.8 MHz high pass filter.

520 kHz High Pass Filter Construction